California v Carney :: essays research papers

California v. Carney involves a Drug Enforcement Agency Agent, Robert Williams, who was observing respondent, Charles Carney, as he approached a youth in downtown San Diego. Having received previous information that that particular labor home was being used to exchange sex for marijuana, Williams accompanied by other agents unploughed the motor home under surveillance (Kamisar, LaFave, Israel, King, p 260, 2002). During the time that the agent had Carney under surveillance, he saw Carney bring the youth back to his motor home, which was put in a lot (Kamisar, et al., p 260, 2002). After approximately an hour and fifteen minutes the youth exited the motor home. The youth was then stopped by the agents who engaged him in conversation. At this point the youth told the agents that he had received marijuana in return for allowing Carney sexual contact (Kamisar, et al., p 260, 2002). Cooperating with the agents, the youth returned to the motor home and knocked on the door. When the res pondent stepped out one of the agents entered the home without having a warrant or any form of consent. Inside the agent saw marijuana, and a following investigation at the precinct exposed more marijuana. Charles Carney was charged with ownership of marijuana for sale (Kamisar, et al., p 260, 2002). In California v. Carney, the California Supreme tourist court questioned if the warrant less search of the respondents motor home violate his FourthAmendments right to privacy. After his motion to exclude the evidence plant in the motor home was denied, the California Supreme Court held that the search of the motor home was erroneous and that the motor vehicle exception to the warrant indispensability of the Fourth Amendment did not apply to this case. They reasoned that the expectations of privacy in a motor home are more reminiscent of those in a clubby residence than in a vehicle (Kamisar, et al., p 260-61, 2002).The court was able to some to this conclusion based on the idea th at the expectations of privacy in a motor home are more like those of a home rather than a car because the most important function of motor homes is not to endow with transportation but to provide the occupant with living quarters (Kamisar, et al., p 261-62, 2002). The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people to be secure on their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures (Gpo.

Towards Higher Learning :: Education Educating Essays

Towards Higher LearningHigher education plays a central role in preparing students to live and work in a society where one out of three Americans will be a member of a racial/ heathenish minority and most of the growth in new jobs will require a college degree. What skills do students need to become engaged citizens in the future? match to John Newmans The Idea of a University, It is the education which gives a man a clear conscious view of his own opinions and judgments, a truth in developing them, an eloquence in expressing them, and a force in using them(49). If the University is the means by which we as individuals raise the intellectual tone of society and browse public minds then the question is what should the relationship between society and the universities be in order to reach our students highest potential? The special product of education furnished at a University says Newman, should be the one that makes dear members of society (48). The responsibility of universitie s and colleges becomes an obligation because as social institutions they need to deliver good education, respect of ones ethnicity, equality for women, constructive criticism and intellectual independence in the search for truth. Respect for ones culture or background is important, giving a phonate to those groups who have not been embraced by our culture. Bell Hooks, Keeping Close to Home Class and Education, Recall, her time at college where she felt alienated from her upper-class peers at Stanford. She had impediment with the university systems exclusivity. So from the start Hooks did not feel that she was included in the university setting. The culture that Hooks embodied were values she received from her working-class background. Societies have incessantly sought to educate their people to be productive and creative, and to satisfy their curiosity and aesthetic impulses. This has only happened when people acquired reliable knowledge and think systematically. Education has ap peared in many forms, both formalized and informal. What does it mean? higher learning How do we get it? Is it something that universities can provide or is it Spaydes definition of education at a time when change is so swift that the shelf life of technical knowledge is six months(at best) (58). Jon Spayde believes that lasting education has always taken say outside of or on the periphery of school(58) . The phenomenon of technology which affects various areas the economy, the media, etc.

Evaluation of Estella from Great Expectations Essay -- Great Expectatio

Evaluation of Estella from Great Expectations.Evaluation of EstellaThe lady whom I had never telln before, lift up her eyes and lookedarchly at me, and then I saw that the eyes were Estellas eyes. Fromthis passage, I believe it is safe to infer that Pip notices a heavy(p)change in Estellas appearance and the way she carries herself, onceshe comes back from finishing school, only if is there really that much ofa change in the catch ones breath of her? Although she may change her methods,shes still unemotional, she still takes orders from fall back Havisham,and she still leads Pip on.Speaking of leading Pip on, Estella leads Pip on. When Pip is at set downHavishams for the south time, Estella acts as if she standardizeds Pip anddoes something very unlike herself.There was a bright flush upon her face... she stepped back into thepassage and beckoned me.Come here You may kiss me if you like I kissed her cheek as sheturned it to me. I ideate I would have gone through a great dea l tokiss her cheek. But, I matte up that the kiss was given to the coarsecommon boy as a piece of money might have been, and that was worthnothing. (Page 93, paragraphs 2-4) As you cease see Estella isdefinitely leading Pip on.Estella also leads Pip on in the second half of the book. She goeswith Pip to balls and other parties. She also goes down to bunkHavishams with him, but these things have no meaning.As I scarcely mentioned Pip and Estella go down to Miss Havishamstogether. This is because although she is grown-up Estella is stillcontrolled by Miss H. What Im saying is that Miss H makes them go(well not so much Pip he just comes along for the ride). She alsocontrols Estella in other ways. She makes her write notes ho... ...the book, but Ive got to a greater extent evidence from the second half. At this part Pip tries to complimentEstella and she laughs right in his face.I live quite pleasantly there at least(prenominal)-It appeared to me that Iwas losing a chance.At least ? repeated Estella.As pleasantly as I could anywhere away from you.You silly boy, said Estella, quite composedly, how can you talksuch nonsense? (Page 226, paragraphs 8-11) Hey, I dont notice aboutanyone else, but I think that was pretty mean (although it wasnt thesame kind of meanness that was in the first part).Thats exactly what my papers on. I think Ive just proved thatEstella is the same person throughout the whole book, but the kind ofperson she is changes (whether shes leading Pip on, beingness controlledby Miss Havisham, or being her mean ol self). If I have then mymission was successful. Evaluation of Estella from Great Expectations Essay -- Great ExpectatioEvaluation of Estella from Great Expectations.Evaluation of EstellaThe lady whom I had never seen before, lifted up her eyes and lookedarchly at me, and then I saw that the eyes were Estellas eyes. Fromthis passage, I believe it is safe to infer that Pip notices a greatchange in Estellas appearance and t he way she carries herself, onceshe comes back from finishing school, but is there really that much ofa change in the rest of her? Although she may change her methods,shes still unemotional, she still takes orders from Miss Havisham,and she still leads Pip on.Speaking of leading Pip on, Estella leads Pip on. When Pip is at MissHavishams for the second time, Estella acts as if she likes Pip anddoes something very unlike herself.There was a bright flush upon her face... she stepped back into thepassage and beckoned me.Come here You may kiss me if you like I kissed her cheek as sheturned it to me. I think I would have gone through a great deal tokiss her cheek. But, I felt that the kiss was given to the coarsecommon boy as a piece of money might have been, and that was worthnothing. (Page 93, paragraphs 2-4) As you can see Estella isdefinitely leading Pip on.Estella also leads Pip on in the second half of the book. She goeswith Pip to balls and other parties. She also goes down to Miss Havishams with him, but these things have no meaning.As I just mentioned Pip and Estella go down to Miss Havishamstogether. This is because although she is grown-up Estella is stillcontrolled by Miss H. What Im saying is that Miss H makes them go(well not so much Pip he just comes along for the ride). She alsocontrols Estella in other ways. She makes her write notes ho... ...the book, but Ive got moreproof from the second half. At this part Pip tries to complimentEstella and she laughs right in his face.I live quite pleasantly there at least-It appeared to me that Iwas losing a chance.At least? repeated Estella.As pleasantly as I could anywhere away from you.You silly boy, said Estella, quite composedly, how can you talksuch nonsense? (Page 226, paragraphs 8-11) Hey, I dont know aboutanyone else, but I think that was pretty mean (although it wasnt thesame kind of meanness that was in the first part).Thats exactly what my papers on. I think Ive just proved thatEstella is the same pe rson throughout the whole book, but the kind ofperson she is changes (whether shes leading Pip on, being controlledby Miss Havisham, or being her mean ol self). If I have then mymission was successful.

Christianity & the Revolutionary War :: essays research papers

Christianity and the American Revolutionary WarHarry Stout points out in the lead article, How Preachers Incited Revolution, "it was Protestant clergy who propelled colonists toward independence and who theologically justified war with Britain" (n.pag). According to Cassandra Niemczyk in her article in this uncover of Christian History "(the Protestant Clergy) were known as "the Black command" (n.pag). Furthermore, as the article Holy Passion for Liberty shows, "Americans were quick to discern the hand of God in the tumultuous events of the times" (n.pag).Mark Galli, the editor of this issue says "many devout believers were opposed to the war, and not necessarily on pacifist grounds. Most colonial legislatures exempted pacifists, such as Quakers and Mennonites, from military duty although they were still fined to get over the expenses of the war" (n.pag). Stout goes on to say " Pacifist opposition to the war was concentrated in Pennsylvani a. Quakers, Mennonites, and Amish refused to fight, and for their refusal were suppressed and humiliated like the royalists" (n.pag). Often the pacifists served in hospitals, forethought to both British and American wounded.From these readings one can discern that Eighteenth-century America was a deeply religious culture. Sermons taught not only the way to personal redemption in Christ but also the way to temporal and national prosperity for Gods chosen people. Timothy D. Hall a professor at Central Michigan University in The American Revolution and the Religious Public Sphere gives us this overview "Religion played other important roles in mobilizing support for Revolution regardless of whether it was evangelical or not. Colonists often encountered Revolutionary themes for the first time when local ministers announced the latest news from the pulpit or when parishioners exchanged information after Sunday meetings. Ministers occupied an important place in the colonial com munications network throughout the eighteenth century, especially in towns where few people had access to newspapers and official information was dispensed from the pulpit or lectern. Sunday afternoons provided a convenient time for men who had already gathered for worship to form militia units and drill, and many ministers used their speakings to motivate the minutemen. Israel Litchfield, a young Massachusetts minuteman, recorded that his local minister keyed Biblical texts and sermon themes to the great events of 1775. In Virginias Shenandoah Valley the Lutheran minister John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg concluded a Sunday sermon of 1775 by throwing back his ministerial invest to reveal a military uniform, rolling the drum for Patriot recruits, and leading them out for drill.

Catharine Sedgwick’s Hope Leslie, Stephen Gould’s Dinosaur in a Haystac

Catharine Sedgwicks Hope Leslie, Stephen Goulds Dinosaur in a Haystack, and Sebastian Jungers The Perfect Storm all expose similar characteristics, so that though they are patently unrelated, they can be compared. Mainly the comparisons exist through the imagery the authors use to weave the stories together, the structure of separately book, the authority of each author, and the use of nature. A character or objects are the images that the three authors use to hold fast the plots of the books together. Goulds essays seem to be completely unrelated, only in reality, they are tied together under the general theme of evolution and the metaphor of dinosaur in a haystack that is linked into each essay. The dour use of the storm in The Perfect Storm, and its development in the chapters serves to show that the storm is the object that ties the story together. Much like the dinosaur in Dinosaur in a Haystack, it becomes a sort of central character that evolves through the developing pl ot. It appears that Sedgwick does not utilize one metaphor to ferment her novel together, but in fact, the perennial images and pictures are used instead. There is no dominant common theme like the dinosaur or quilt, but the story of Hope and Magawisca bring the characters together. Sedgwicks sympathy lies in Hopes views and story, but some can be inferred from Magawisca. Magawisca is linked to Everell, and links Hope and Faith together. Their stories help to create the plot and bring in the links to the scattered plot. Hope Leslie . . . and her Indian counterpart, Magawisca (x) comprise the opinions of the author and relate the plot through prejudiced perspectives. In fact, The text is dominated by two decidedly unconventional women Hope Leslie, fos... ...thors are the images that hold the books together, the structure of the books, the authority of each author that is already presumed and then make believeed, and the use of nature. Sedgwick uses Hope and Magawisca, Junger us es the storm, and Gould uses the dinosaur to tie the plot of the books together, and to hold the story as a whole together. All three of the books are structured into chapters that divide the information into easier to understand material. Hope Leslie and Dinosaur in a Haystack contain parts that further separate the plot. The authors, Sedgwick, Gould, and Junger assume a certain amount of authority before the books are read, yet they gain even more credibility as the book is read. Each book also contains a the use of a certain aspect of nature. Therefore, the authors and their works, though seemingly very different, are similar enough to be compared.

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay

Throughout US history, there were some(prenominal) occurrences performed by people that helped define the Statesn Identity. Some of the many boldnesss that helped evolve characteristics of American identity are civil disobedience, independence of trust, and immigration. Historical happenings throughout time helped create how the US is today, and why certain independences are allowed.Civil Disobedience is one of the important aspects of american identity. Harriet Tubman played a great role in performing civil disobedience involving her expiration slaves. Harriet had a huge bounty on her head and still she rebelled against the law, rescuing more slaves. Henry David Thoreau also performed a part in the act of civil disobedience when he refused to pay taxes, because of his opposition to the Mexican-American War. He wrote an essay Resistance to Civil Government stating that citizens have the right to disobey the law if the law was considered unjust. Furthermore, Womans rights is an other example of civil disobedience. Women werent treated as equal as men and were denied the right to vote. In 1848 the Declaration of Sentiments had 12 resolutions that called for equal preaching of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. Overall, civil disobedience plays a huge role in American identity.Freedom of religion is another aspect that highlights american identity. Many people came to America in search of religious freedom. Colonists wanted a chance to worship freely and have a religion they wanted to take part in. When the pilgrims came to American their goal was to escape the persecution of the puritans. Later on many religions began to disperse everywhere and therefor, population began to grow in America. The capital of Oregon Witchcraft Trials, and the Great Awakening of the 1730s played a great role in influencing freedom of religion. America became a refuge for those who wanted religious freedom and became a home to the many people that had the c hance to improve their lives. Overall, religious freedom is a huge aspect defining American Identity.Since before Americas founding, immigration has been part of the American identity. In 1845, potato famine in Ireland stopped plants from growing and many families were starved and wished for an escape, nearly 3.5 million Irish migrated to America during the 1820s through the1880s. The Irish werent the only immigrants that migrated to America. The Germans had come to America during World War 1 in order to better their lives. Immigrants with money would sully farms in the country, and immigrants with very little money would stay in the city, mainly in New York. By 1855, New York homed at least seventy percentage of the New York population. Many immigrants have come to America and still have many coming in and out of our country nowadays.Overall civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration are just a few of the many traits given to the US over time. Because of all these h appenings that have occurred in the US, we as citizens have many rights. Here in the US we are known to have different yet unique identities, all thanks to the acts of rebelliousness and righteousness throughout US history.

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 21

T here was re comp permitelyy unaccompanied one thing I could say.Youre here to kill me.That would have been a great discriminative stimulus for him to say something kindred, No, of course non or Why would you designate that? Any of those responses, or a variation, would have been immensely reassuring.Instead he verbalize not yet.Shit.I took a couple treads back, knowing it wouldnt do any good. Even if Id been in full succubus mode, there was no way I could fight against him. papist was a nephilim, Jeromes half-human bastard son. Nephilim were a kind of odd mix between lesser and greater divinitys. Nephilim hadnt been around since the universes creation, merely they had been born immortal and could potenti altogethery possess the same range of powers as a greater immortal. papist was every bit as strong as Jerome, tho conflicting my boss or his equals, Roman didnt answer to any higher power. He was rogue, which made him dangerous when he was pissed off.And he had every right to be pissed off at me. Angry at the way Heaven and Hell hunted their kind raze, Roman and his twin sister Helena had gone on a vigilante hunting spree to get back at separate immortals. I hadnt known that when he and I were dating, and eventually, Id been instrumental in stopping them-and getting his sister killed.What are you doing here then? I asked at last.Romans posture was casual as he crossed his arms and leaned against the wall. He looked scarce as I remembered, enormously tall compared to me, with soft black hair and those gorgeous eye. You sound disappointed, he said. Do you want me to kill you?No Of course not. But I send awayt truly think of any other primer youd be here. Somehow I doubt youre here for a kindly call. Despite my fear, my sarcasm palliate managed to function. Carter had told me it was un uniformly Roman would ever return to Seattle, knowing that he and Jerome would be on the lookout. omit, I realized uneasily, Jerome was no longstanding h ere to keep watch.Im here to help find my illustrious sire. Romans voice was smug as he spoke, and I was sure he was taking a great amount of pleasure in watching my reaction. I hoped he was satisfied because while my jaw didnt exactly hit the floor, it came moderately close.Bullshit.Why dont you intend me?Because you have no reason to My fear was being overridden again, this sequence by incredulity. You hate Jerome.Yeah, thats true.Stop playing with me then. Youre not here to help.No? Then how go far I helped you with the seals notes?You didnt- I froze for a moment. Oh lord. That was you.Really, said Roman amiably. You should be a lot nicer, considering all the things Ive done for you.Yeah? I dont recall you wasting your term wandering aimlessly along beaches.Nah. Ive been too busy blowing up stoves and carrying injured damsels to bed.I sank into a chair and closed my eyeball. It genuinely wasnt Carter. The angel had been divideing the lawfulness virtually noninterference . I opened my eyes again. And you gave me the matches, didnt you? Thats exactly the kind of fucked-up thing youd do.He put on an offended air. That was pretty nice of me, considering how you looked the like you were ready to have a withdrawal seizure then and there.This doesnt make sense. You commodet be here to help find Jerome. Whats really passage on?Does the reason matter if I help find him?Yes It matters if you want to find him, provided so you can promptly destroy him.I dont want to destroy him.I have no reason to trust you.His eyes narrowed a bit. And I have no reason to trust you, if memory serves.I shrugged, more than or less too weary to be afraid anymore. Well, then, were even, huh? Except, of course, that you can channel your mistrust into blowing me off the face of the earth.And you could tell the demon horde out there that theres a nephilim in the city. Roman laughed. Oh, theyd love that, wouldnt they? If one of them could hunt down and kill a nephilim, thatd pre tty much cinch their position here.Yeah, like Id get a chance to tell anyone. I sighed. Roman, if youre not going to destroy me, then what exactly do you want with me? Why did you save me all those times?Because youre the only one in this fucking town with any chance of finding Jerome. And you can move around a lot more freely than I can.Um, last time I checked, youre the one in the Junior Smiting League, not me. I dont have any pow-abilities right now to defend myself.Yeah, but if youre caught paper bag around, people arent going to declare open season on youI mean, aside from that bitch demoness.I grimaced at the memory, and Roman pushed forward.Look, Georgina, we can sit and make out whether Im going to kill you or not, or we can depict to figure this out and get your boss back. Then we can explore me killing you in more depth.God, I groaned, standing up. I needed my cigarettes. Roman watched me light up.New habit since I was last around.Old one, very. And Im not in the sens ory system for lecturing. I sat back down, feeling much more settled with my nicotine. Aubrey wandered out shortly thereafter, apparently not afraid of a sociopathic-yet still spookily sexy-immortal hanging out with us. So, whats there to figure out? It was Grace. You said you saw the seal around her neck.Roman eased himself into a chair from my kitchen table and scooted up. I did. Makes sense that shed keep it as close to her as possible, though that takes some balls to have it out in the open that much.So wherefore wont you let me tell anyone, then?He tsked. Think, Georgina. Who are you going to tell? Which demon in this whole mess do you think you can trust? None of them like Jerome. None of them want him back.I was going to tell Hugh.You cant tell anybody . I was walking along with you today when Cedric popped in. It figured. at that place was no telling how long Roman had been following me invisibly. If he was telling the truth active not telling Nanette about your theories, then that means one of your friends tipped her off.No, I said stubbornly. Its more likely that Cedric was lying. None of them would have betrayed me.To my complete and utter astonishment, Aubrey jumped on Romans lap. He scratched her head absentmindedly. Well, believe what you want, but I dont think its safe to tell anyone yet. Except me, of course.Right. The guy who wants me dead.Eh, we can talk about that later. For now, lets go over what we know.I wasnt really keen on the casual way we were tossing around my impending doom, nor did I like that I still didnt know why he was here. Keeping my mind on Jerome did help, though, and it was nice to finally have someone to truly brain wave this stuff with.We know Grace was the demon who helped with the summoning, I said.There could be more, you know.Yeah, but theres only one archdemon position.True. Just dont rule other possibilities out. She and that other demoness here are pretty tight.I model about Mei, whose poker face was as good as Graces. Yeahalthough, they seem to be operating pretty independently now. But, for the sake of argument, well stick with Grace. So, we know she was part of the summoning and has half of the seal. What we dont know where the other half of the seal is, who helped her, and where Jerome actually is.Kind of daunting, he mused.A thought suddenly came to me. Wait a minuteyou might make this simpler. A greater immortal can break up Jeromes prison. With you, we dont need to actually find the whole seal to free him-or get the half we know about from Grace.Roman turned sheepish. WellI dont know for sure that I can do that.Why not? Youve got the same powers as Jerome.My strength is the same as his when it comes to fighting and whatnot, but I dont have exactly the same powers. Im not truly a greater immortal. I dont know if I could break him out without the seal.Lovely. Were back to where we started.I dont know. We should just take this one step at a time. Lets keep trying to find him and fig ure out where the other half of the seal is.Were running out of time, I murmured, stubbing out the cigarette.So, why are you smoking again?Thats not really important right now, I snapped.I dont know. If I had a mortal body, Id be kind of distressed about that.Im not mortal. And Ill be back to my normal self in a some days at most. Probably much sooner.Is it because of Mortensen?We are not talking about that right now.Never thought youd be one to take a break-up so hard, seeing how easily you deal them out. In situationhas anyone ever even broken up with you before?I fixed him with a glare, so annoyed that I didnt care if he wanted to try to kill me. We are not talking about that right now.Fine, fine. What other info do we have, then?I racked my brain. The cultthe Army of Darkness. I think theres a connection with Jeromes summoning and their activities. Whoevers controlling them- rise up, Grace, I guess-times their stunts to take attention away from other things. I recapped what I knew of their stunts and what they ripd up with. Not all of their activities correspond exactly to some part of the summoning, though. At least not that I know about.Roman was thoughtful. Hmmwell, its possible some may not line up with anything. A few may be red herrings, sort of to establish their presence. I didnt always follow you to Canada, so I dont know exactly what theyre like.Wow. Your stalkerdom has limitations.Seemed like a big pain, he said. Aside from maybe going to Tim Hortons.Nephilim couldnt teleport like greater immortals, so he was limited with normal fare when following me around. Uneasily, thinking of my activities with Seth, I wondered just how much Roman had spied on me. It wouldnt have been the initial time hed taken a front-row seat to my intimate activities. If he wasnt going to mention it, I wasnt going to.Theyve been quiet ever since the day of the summoning, when they were down here. I guess Grace has nothing left for them to do, I said. probable His m ind was still apparently spinning with suspicion. But if I were you, Id talk to them again.I cringed. NoI want to be done with them. You dont know these guys like I do. Its ridiculous.All I know is that youve got to turn over every rock you can find-no pun intended-if youre going to rescue Jerome.Oh, Ive got to, huh? I asked. I didnt really like the presumption in his voice. I thought you were going to help find him too?I will. Tomorrow. When are you going to search again?I thought about it. Noon. After work.There was a knock at the gate, and I moved over to the eye hole. Its Dante, I murmured. To his credit, he usually knocked first before using his key. I rested my hand on the knob and gave Roman a questioning look.Ill find you at noon, he said. Hold the door open a sec after you let him in.Roman turned invisible, and I pulled the door open. Dante came in, and I stood there a few more moments until I felt the sweep of someone moving past me. Everything had happened so quickly tod ay that I barely had time to realize that not only I had just made contact with the guy who wanted to kill me, but Id also just made arrangements to spend time with him. Man. This was going to keep me up when I tried to sleep later.I shut the door and gave Dante a quick kiss on the cheek. He was carrying a bag, and I had to do a double-take.Did you buy something from Macys? I exclaimed. I somehow imagined you stepping into a department store would be like a vampire stepping into the sunlight-I mean, current situation aside.Dante rolled his eyes and set the bag down. Crossings his arms, he leaned against the wall. Well, maybe Im in stasis too. Forget about this for a sec and tell me if youve gotten yourself on any demons shit list today. There it was again, the sweet concern in spite of his best efforts.Not that I know of, but hey, the days not over yet.I glossed over the specifics of who Id gone inquisitive with, mainly emphasizing that my time at the beach hadnt turned up anything . I also mentioned Cedrics visit and his claims that he hadnt told Nanette about my suspicions. Dante seemed skeptical of that. Finally, I wrap up with Graces appearance, and at that point I faltered. I wanted to tell Dante about my amazing discovery, about how Grace had the seal. Yet Roman had urged me to keep it all to myself. Why? Was he really that mistrustful of everyone? Did he have his own ulterior motives? Against my better judgment, I bit my lip on telling Dante about my discovery. It killed me to do it, particularly since I had a feeling Dante could have some insight. Romans warning was too strong, however, as was my fear that he might actually still be around invisibly. And of course, I could hardly tell Dante about Roman.Fortunately, Dante didnt pick up on any omission of information. You had kind of a full day, succubus. Did the somatic demon ever come talk to you?Not yet. I havent had a chance to talk with the gang to see if hes been making the rounds. I eyed the Mac ys bag, end to know what was in it.Dante kicked it behind him. What are you going to tell him?I shrugged. I dont know. Ill tell him what I know about Seattle, and as far as recommendationswell, I dont know. I could no longer trust Grace, and Meis role was still a mystery. Dante noted my change of feelings but not the reasons.From what youd said before, I thought you were a fan of Grace and that other demoness.Mei, I supplied. I dont know. Its all just wearying. Eager to shift away from the subject, I pointed at the bag. Are you going to tell me whats in that?He gave me one of his mocking grins. Why do you think it has anything to do with you?Because theres no way youd shop at Macys for yourself. You dress only marginally better than Carter.Dante shook his head, wearing a long-suffering look. Fine, fine. Ill keep it for myself. He picked up the bag and headed off down the hall. After a few moments, I followed and tackled him in the doorway to my bedroom.Come on Give it up. I snatche d the bag away, but my victory was small since he didnt put up a fight. I opened it up and gasped at what I found. Folds and folds of shimmering purple fabric, silk the color of new spring crocuses. Hesitantly, I lifted it out of the bag, revealing a long, ankle-length robe. I looked up at him in astonishment. Whats this?Youre the one with years and years of higher learning, he pointed out, looking extremely pleased with himself. You tell me.I held it up, gauging its height. It looked just about perfect. Its gorgeous. Whats the occasion?I was tired of hearing you bitch about that ratty one youve got. And tired of seeing it, to be honest. He ignored my glare. Besides, youve had a, uh, difficult time lately. Even for you.I thought back to other things, like the flowers and breakfast. All the attempts at dinners. Dante-He pressed a finger to my lips. Look, be quiet a second. Im not blind. I can tell how much all of this is stressing you out. And fuck, if I could get my hands on that bi tch demon Anger glinted in his eyes, and he took a moment to shake it off. Anyway, you can keep making your jokes or whatever and keep doggedly doing your best to sleuth away and find Jerome, but youre running yourself into the ground. Youre depressed. Youre distracted. When we talk, its like your minds somewhere else. Same with our sex life.I opened my mouth to argue, but I wasnt sure what to say. He was right. I had been distracted, but a good part of that-particularly during intimate activities-hadnt had anything to do with Jerome. It had been Seth on my mind. Dante kept speaking before I could get a word out.See, now, youre going to apologize. Because thats what you do-but theres no need, succubus. If anyone gets some selfish time right now, its you. In another week or so, thingsll be back to normal, and Ill be the selfish one.Something in my heart twisted. Everyone said he was scum, but in the end, it turned out I was the untrustworthy one. I averted my eyes.So wheres the robe fit in?Something to cheer you up. Since your wardrobes been trimmed.Dante, youve been getting me a lot of stuff lately. You dont have to throw money at me-money you dont have-to make me feel better.If I didnt have it, I wouldnt throw it, he remarked dryly. And anywayIm not really the kind of guy who does, likethe candles or the moonlit beaches or recites poetry.I grimaced. I dont mind staying away from beaches for a while.But, he continued, I know you well enough to know that mochas and silk make you smile, and that, at least, is something I can do.My heart twisted further, and I reached out to catch hold of his hand. I understood what he was saying. It wasnt in his nature to do over-the-top romantic gestures, but material purchases were something he could handle, and it was the only way to show me he cared. My guilt redoubled because no matter what he said, I knew he was tight on cash. Yet, my actions and fixation with Seth were worrying Dante enough that he felt he had to do some thing. I was driving him to it.Youre sweet, I said. But dont worry. Itll be our secret.He brushed his fingers through my hair. Not that sweet. Look in the bag.I did. Underneath the robe, unnoticed by me, was a bottle of bubble bath. I held it up questioningly.I thought we could take a bath together.I laughed. Thats almost romantic. You might be closer to moonlit beaches than you think. Although, my bathtubs kind of small.I know, he said. Thats what I meant about it not being very sweet. Mostly I want to see what kind of interesting positions we can cram ourselves into while au naturel(p) and in a small space.Well, thank God that in a world gone mad, some people neer change.It turned into a wet, soapy mess, but it was more fun than I expected. No matter what he claimed, the whole feat was semi-romantic. Conversation was easy and light, and we laughed and joked a lot. I almost forgot about Seth-almost. But when things started to get a little hot and heavy, I pulled back. No matter h ow sexy it was to be wet and naked with someone, it just didnt feel right if that person wasnt Seth.What made me feel worse was that Dante was accommodating about my mood. He figured my lack of desire was part of my stress, and so we eventually left the tub as chastely as wed entered. We toweled each other off and then curled up on the couch and watched TV together while I tried not to feel too guilty about the purple robe wrapped around me.I decided the next day to finally add myself back to the bookstores work schedule. I only put me down for part-time shifts until the demon business was settled, but at this point, it seemed unlikely Id be recalled to Canada again. My limbo status couldnt last forever if I wanted to keep my job Warrens leniency would only last so long.Roman and I had our plans to go to Edmonds at noon, so for my first official day back, I only worked a morning shift. Part of that shift involved advance in before the store was even open, and I welcomed the solitu de. The store always soothed me, and if ever there was a time I needed soothing, it was right now. It was short-lived, however, since my other coworkers began trickling in not long after my arrival. Maddie was among them.Hey, she said brightly, popping into my office. Is this another check-in or are you back for good?For good, I think. Not that it matters. It looks like everythings been fine without me.She grinned and shut the door behind her. Oh, weve missed you, believe me. No ones been here to referee my fights with Doug.I laughed and watched her sit down. Well then, I guess I got back just in time. Nice shoes.Maddie extended her legs and admired her candy apple red pumps. Thanks. Nordstroms having a sale.The brown leather Mia heels I currently wore were among my favorites, but after a week now with no shape-shifting, my wardrobe was starting to make me stir-crazy. It was kind of like my hair, I realized. I hadnt realized how dependent I was on shape-shifting to enhance my appear ance. Id lauded myself for living like a human when in truth, Id been cheating the whole time.Seeing my wistful look, Maddie asked, You want to go downtown for dejeuner and check it out?I shook my head with regret. Looking at shoes sounded a lot better than looking at rocks. Cant. Ive got to meet someone.Ah, well, let me know when you get some time. You know Im game. Silence fell, and Maddie shifted uncomfortably. She bit her lip, like she wanted to say something. I started to prompt her, but she spoke first. So, what did you think of the condo listings?Oh, they were Fuck. Id never even read through them. Roman and Dante had spent more time looking at them than I had. Which one had Dante mentioned? They were great. I really want that new one-the one where you can still get in on the choices and stuff.Her eyes lit up. Ooh, yeah. I loved that one too. I actually looked them up on the builders website. It doesnt look like there are many left, but there has to be at least one, or they wouldnt be listed. We should go down there and talk to them in person.I smiled, feeling horrible about the lie. Surebut it may be awhile before I can get a break. Well have to do it and the shoe trip at the same time.Maddie nodded, face kind and sympathetic. No problem. I understand.More silence fell, and I realized it wasnt the condos that she wanted to talk to me about. That had been a distraction to build up her own courage.Maddie, whats going on?Her cheery look disintegrated into something much more glum. It was startling. I was so used to her always being in a good mood that the thought of something upsetting her was on par with the laws of physics breaking down.She met my eyes and immediately looked away. Oh God. I cant believe Im about to bring this up.I was seriously worried now. You can tell me. Its okay. Whats up?She sighed. Its Seth.Oh, fuck.

Consider the theme of loneliness in the novel. How does it affect friendships and relationships? Essay

John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902. When becoming a fictional writer this area played an influential part in the settings of many of his freshs. This includes the great novel Of Mice and Men. As a teenager the demoralise scenes of the rural Californian ranches he worked on in the summer impressed on him deeply. Steinbecks best- cognize works go into this scene truly(prenominal) nearly with the plight of desperately poor wanderers in search of work and m integrityy, who, despite the cruelty of their circumstances, often triumph spiritually.Of Mice and Men is set in the years moreover after the great depression and stock market crash of the 1930s with the dust bowl raging in the s let outhern states. Like a dance orchestra of Americans George and Lennie were searching for work on the ranches, in their quest to own their own province and alert of the fat of the land. However, cruel and powerful forces beyond their fit thwarted their quest for land and their tragedy was marked, ultimately, by steadfast compassion and love. The novel is set in the farmland of the Salinas valley. The ranch George and Lennie work on is proficient outside Soledad, and the countryside surrounding the ranch is described in the beginning of the book as On one side of the river the golden foothill slopes curve up to the substantial and rocky Gabilan mountains, but on the valley side the water is lined with trees willows fresh and green with every spring, the passage emphasises the beauty and peacefulness of the area.George and Lennie were people co hands as Migrant Farm Workers. These travelled the countryside between the 1880s and 1930s harvesting wheat. They earned very superficial each day, plus food and very basic accommodation in the outbuildings of the farms. Unemployment was very high in the 1930s so the government set up agencies to organize and send farm workers to w here they were needed. George and Lennie were members of the procedure Murray a nd Readys from which they got their work cards. They, kindred most of the migrant farm workers, were in search of The American Dream which was to own their very own little house and a couple of acres.One of the biggest themes in the book is seclusion. Many of the characters admit to suffering profound loneliness. George sets the tone for these confessions early in the novel when he reminds Lennie that sustenance on the ranches is among the loneliest of lives, Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They dont belong no place. Candy has one companion and that is his dog, so when the dog is killed he has no one and therefore attaches himself to Georges and Lennies dream. He does this so that he doesnt force an castaway and exclusively. Candy still wants to carry out the dream even after Lennie accidentally kills Curleys married woman, even though he knows unaccompanied too well(p) that Lennie cannot return to the lifetime he led before. Crooks feels that he would work for free, as long as he wouldnt be alone and could communicate with soul A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody.Dont make no difference who the guy is, longs he with you Curleys wife is so overwhelmed by her loneliness that she seeks friendship from other men. She intimidates all the other men except Slim because she is beautiful and because she is Curleys wife. She ultimately makes friends with Lennie and confesses her loneliness to him Think I dont like to talk to mortal ever once in a while? Each of these characters searches for a friend, someone to help them cope with life. In the end, however, companionship of this type seems unattainable. For George, the hope of such companionship run shorts with Lennie, and true to his original estimation, he will go by means of life alone.The relationship between George and Lennie appears to be very unusual to the rest of the workers. It is clear that most of them are lonely. They all suck up divers(prenominal ) ways of header with it some remember wished-for friends with affection. Others become self sufficient and however pick up out for themselves making them very selfish. Crooks insists on the right to be alone even though he dislikes it. Carlson is incapable of caring for others and their judgements. This side of him is shown clearly when he bullies Candy into allowing him to shoot his ageing, smelly, rheumatic dog, He aint no good to you, Candy. An he aint no good to himself. Whynt you shoot him, Candy?The core of the novel is formed by the relationship between George and Lennie. With us it aint like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn close to us. We dont have to sit in no bar room blowin in our jack jus because we got no place else to go. If them other guys get in jail they can emaciate for all anybody gives a damn. But not us. In Lennies view, George is the most valuable person in his life he is not only his only friend but also a role model and his guardian. Every time Lennie does something wrong he immediately thinks how angry and disappointed George will be. He also has a child-like faith that George will always be there for him.George, even though he cares approximately Lennie, sees him as a constant origin of frustration and aggravation and frequently speaks of how much better life would be without his care taking responsibilities God amighty, if I was alone I could live so easy. I could go get a job an work, an no troubleAn whatta I got, George went on furiously I got you You cant cover a job and you lose me ever job I get. However George is obviously devoted to Lennie. Georges behaviour is motivated by the hope to protect Lennie and, eventually, obtain the farm of their dreams so they can live of the fatta the lan.Lennies other childlike faith is that he believes they are both termination to eventually settle down on the farm told to him often by George. This faith enables George to actually believe this ac count of their future aswell Georges belief in it depends on Lennie, for as soon as Lennie dies, Georges hope for a brighter future disappears. Their companionship contrasts the loneliness that surrounds them the loneliness of the homeless ranch worker the loneliness of the outcast black man the loneliness of the subjected woman the loneliness of the old, helpless cripple and this arouses the curiosity in the characters that they encounter, even Slim commented, It seems kinda funny a cuckoo like him and a smart little guy like you travellin together.Their friendship goes back to when they were children growing up in the same town and when Lennies Aunt Clara died George took responsibility for him. They have been together for many years and as George says, have got kinda used to each other. Both of them bring different advantages to the relationship Lennies strength make them seem very attractive to potential employers who are seeking labourers. Slim says of Lennie, I neer seen such a workerThere aint nobody can keep up with him.Lennie is also a very handy person to have roughly if there is a fight. George is very intelligent and organizes both of their lives. He knows how to protect Lennie from other people and dangers, although this rarely happens from the time they meet Curley and his wife. From and so on Lennie just seems to go from one confrontation to another. Another reason why they stick together is that they enjoy travelling around the country with someone who cares for them. Lennie puts it well when he says I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you.After losing his dog, Candy becomes very withdrawn. Steinbeck paints him as the sad, stereotyped symbol of old age, a man whose life is void of friends and hope. When the dog is dead, he feels that he has nothing and no reason for existence. However in chapter three he overhears George describing their dream farm to Lennie and he interrupts them and asks You know wheres a place like th at? At this point Candy reveals that he has quite a bit of money saved up which he could invest into the farm if he was allowed to. He asks George if he can come with them. After some careful thinking George agrees. Candy explains to George why he call for a place like theirs You seen what they done to my dog tonight? They says he wasnt no good to himself nor nobody else. When they can me here I wisht somebodyd shoot me. But they wont do nothing like that. I wont have no place to go, an I cant get no more jobs.In chapter 4 Candy is searching for Lennie one night while all the others have gone into town. He finds him in Crookss room and he is invited in to join them. He and Lennie start a conversation about the farm. Candy is so stimulated that he cant stop himself telling others. When Curleys wife tries to strike up a conversation with them, Candy reveals to her the dream of owning a farm. This only annoys George. When he returns, he tells them to leave immediately. In Chapter 5 the dream goes sour when Candy reveals the dead body of Curleys wife.He goes and gets George and returns to the body with him. George knows it was Lennie, as he had always feared this would happen. Candy cautiously asks George if they can still get their farm. George is silent, then says I think I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed wed never do her. He usta like to hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would. All their dreams disappeared the moment Lennie killed Curleys wife. Georges only hope now is that maybe the other workers wont want to hurt Lennie. When George leaves, Candy speaks angrily to the corpse and his eyes are blind with tears. He is left only with the reality of his lonely and isolated existence on the ranch.Crooks is another character who gets easily sucked into Georges and Lennies dream of owning their own farm. When Lennie appears in the doorway of his room, Crooks turns him away, hoping to prove a point that if he, as a black man, is not allo wed in white mens houses, then whites are not allowed in his, I aint wanted in the bunk-house and you aint wanted in my room, but his desire for company ultimately wins out and he invites Lennie to sit with him. Once inside, Lennie and Crooks have a conversation in which both men seem to be talking to themselves rather than to each other. Lennie begins to talk about the rabbits but Crooks just thinks he is crazy and as Lennies dream unfolds Crooks is doubtful about it because he has seen this so many times I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an that same damn thing in their heads every damn one of ems got a little piece of land in his head. An never a God damn one of em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Everbody wants a little piece of lan. I read plenty of books out here.Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. When Candy inscribes the room and he and Lennie have a conversation about the rabbits and the farm, it is revealed to Crooks that they already have much of the money needed to buy it. He tells them that he will work for them without pay if they let him live there. Perhaps what Crooks wants more than anything is a sense of belonging, to enjoy simple pleasures such as the right to enter the bunkhouse or to play cards with other men. This desire would explain why, even though he has a reason to doubt George and Lennies talk about the farm that they want to own, Crooks cannot help but ask if there might be room for him to come along and hoe in the garden. Companionship and lavish food are both parts of Crookss dream. However his dream comes to nothing and when Curleys wife puts him in his place as a Negro, he knows nothing will change.Another character who turns out to be very lonely is Curleys wife. In the beginning of the book her purpose is to be the tramp steamertartbitch that threatens to destroy male happiness and longevity. But later in the novel her complex and interesting cha racter is revealed. When she confronts Lennie, Crooks and Candy in the stable, she admits to feeling a kind of shameless dissatisfaction with her life. Her vulnerability at this moment and later when she admits to Lennie about her dream of becoming a movie star I met a guy an he was in pitchers. Went out to the Riverside Dance Palace with him.He says he was gonna put me in the movies. makes her much more interesting than the uninventive tart that flirted with all the other men. However it also reinforces the novels grim view of the world. In her moment of greatest vulnerability, Curleys wife seeks out even greater weaknesses in others and directs her anger towards Lennies mental disability, Candys old age and the colour of Crooks skin standin here talking to a bunch of bindle stiffs- a nigger an a dum dum and a lousy old sheep. As a result of this constant onslaught of insults it causes Crooks to see his dream of going with the others and instead live out the rest of his miserabl e life at this ranch where he will be tormented by many, right up until he dies.In the next chapter when Lennie is in the barn on his own and Curleys wife enters he tries to ignore her. All Curleys wife wants to do is strike up a conversation. She confesses how lonely she is because she intimidates all the other men, Why cant I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awfully lonely. Eventually a conversation begins and she really opens up to Lennie telling him things she hasnt even told Curley Well I aint told nobody before. Maybe I oughtn to. I don like Curley. He aint a nice fella Coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes all of them nice clothes like they wear.. An I coulda sat in them big hotels, an had pictures took of me. When they had them previews I coulda went to them, an spoke in the radio, an iut wouldnt comprise me a cent because I was in the picture. An all them nice clothes like they wear. Because this guy says I was a natural. In the end her dream is shatter at the same point George and Lennies dream is shattered when Lennie accidentally kills her.Most of the characters in Of mice and Men admit, at one point to dreaming of a different and much better life. Candy confessing that he would like to grow old not alone and owning his own farm, Curleys wife wanting to become a movie star and Crooks to be accepted in the social ladder that is life. What makes all of these dreams typically American is that they wish for flawless happiness. Georges and Lennies dream of owning a farm is the perfect example of a typical American bringing close togetherl the dream offers them protection from the cruel and ruthless world and enables them to put up themselves. But the journey they take awakens George and introduces to him the harsh reality he actually has.The story proves that the paradise, which the characters dream of, cannot be found on this earth. George and Lennie desperately cling to the concept that they are different from other wor kers who drift from ranch to ranch because, unlike others, they have a future and each other. But characters like Crooks and Curleys wife serve as cruel reminders that George and Lennie are no different from anyone who wants something of his or her own. Their perfect world is one of independence. Workers like George and Lennie have no family, no home, and very little control over their lives. This is exactly the opposite of what they want.They have to do what the boss tells them and they have little to show for it. They only own what they can carry. Therefore, this idea of having such power over their lives is a salubrious motivation. The connection between the characters dreams and loneliness is very strong. All Curleys wife wanted to be was an actress, she mazed her chance and married, as a result she became very lonely. Crooks being Negro was always condemned to a life of loneliness but he still had a dream of what his life used to be like compared to the reality of what it was today. And Candy loosing his only true friend and companion his dog meant that if he didnt linkup himself to a dream he would lead a life of loneliness. As it happened his dream like everyone elses was shattered by one fatal accident.When George tells Lennie to look across the river and imagine their farm, he lets Lennie die with the hope that they will attain their dream, and attain it soon. George, who must kill Lennie, is not allowed such comfort. He must go on living knowing the failure of their dream, as well as the sadness and guiltiness of knowing that he killed his best and only true friend. George lets Lennie die with the image of their farm in his mind and in a state of complete mental happiness and calmness. But George himself must continue through life knowing that they will never reach it I think I knowed wed never do her.He usta like to hear about it so much I got to thinking maybe we would. The other men who come on the scene only see the half-wit who killed a woman and deserved to die. Only Slim understands Georges tragic loss. Carlson and Curley watch Slim lead George away from the riverbank their complete state of puzzlement is rooted more in ignorance than in heartlessness. Carlson and Curley represent the harsh conditions of a distinctly real world, a world in which the weak will always be vanquished by the strong and in which the rare, delicate bond between friends is not appropriately mourned because it is not understood.

Gender Preference Essay

Nowadays, nearly people suck in accepted many new ideas, such as couples living together beforehand marriage, men staying home as home-husbands and divorce. However, in developing countries, a significant proportion of the population are still holding a very sound preference for male offspring and yearning to calculate a male baby, despite the fact that females can submit care of their parents physically and psychologically out-of-the-way(prenominal) better than their male peers. It is worth looking into the reason for and approximately negative ongoing consequences of this male preference. The explanation can be traced to the traditional male-centered culture. Since the primitive era, women have become the belongings of their husbands, and their major job was producing a male heir for their husband. This is because only males can preserve the family name and the inheritance. In addition, as Tina Rosenberg described in her article The Daughter Deficit, a son is a financial necessary for parents.Only sons take responsibility to look after their aged parents, and daughters have limited contact with their parents soon after they become someones wife. If a couple couldnt produce a son, they would think they are the most miserable couple in the world and would suffer long-term loneliness in their old age. Moreover, some countries hold a very strange superstition, that if a woman gives birth to more than 3 daughters, her husband will die. It is hardly surprising that the strong determination to have baby boys can lead to harmful consequences. After a long history of son preference stemming from the old culture, some countries are now facing very serious gender imbalance. This results from the utmost(prenominal) measures which have been used to get rid of an unwanted baby girl, for some people decide to go to any lengths to get the type of baby they want. The graduation exercise of them is sex-selective abortion.Now, high technology like ultrasound scanni ng makes it very easy and convenient to achieve that goal. Its popularity and prevalence has caused numerous fetuses to die before they can see their Moms face. The second action is infanticide. Some infants have chance enjoy the sunshine and moms smile for a little turn before their parents arrange their death just because they are not male descendants who can carry their family name and bring honor to their family as their parents think. Although some girls are lucky enough to stay with their dear mommy for several years, at last their mothers have to abandon them repayable to the family or society pressure. flat worse, some girls are neglected to death. These facts are heartbreaking, these parents are unforgivable and the consequences are very serious. According o the observation of Tina Rosenberg in her article, The Daughter Deficit, in India and China, more than 1.5 million fewer girls were born each year than it is predicated.Also, according to census data released by the N ational Bureau of Statistics of China, the gender ratio was 117.7 new-sprung(a) boys for every 100 girls in 2012 in China. This means that millions women are missing and there would be a dramatic excess of men. However, the impact of male preference goes beyond the immediate consequence of the disordered ratio of males to females, and it brings about more complicated implications in the long term. This unbalanced population can lead to a series of social problems. The serious gender imbalance has produced a large number of extra young men. Obviously, when they reach adulthood, some of them would find it extremely baffling to get married. With the poor prospect of getting a wife, some young men would resort to alcohol and drugs as comfort, while some of the others might take risks or get into fights in order to improve their prospects.Even more, some desperate young men are likely to blame their whole dilemma on the society and government. As a result, they would pursue revenge on society, and cause a lot of trouble for innocent people. Eventually, everyone, including people who criticize the below the belt treatment towards girls, will suffer from the serious consequences of an unstable society. In conclusion, the essential reason for the bias in favor of male offspring is the traditional man-centered culture, and it causes a series of negative effects. If society doesnt take it very serious and make some changes, it can be foreseen that our brilliant culture would collapse due to this unfair preference.

A day in the life of a homeless person Essay

Its very scary approximately here with all the drug addicts and bullies who live around here. Its horrible I live in eternal fear of being attacked and you are never safe with all the desperate homeless multitude around who would kill for a sleeping bag and some small change. The smell of rubbish and stale odours of last weeks rubbish is unbearable, the completely water is stale, even then that is never enough to stop the burning in your throat.Every day its the same thing, people walking prehistoric scowling at me, the day old food I am forced to live off, never anything good to eat always stale and insufficient. I wonder what its like to be able to cool your throat with an ice cold lemonade and suppress the hunger with a good meal of grade it would take a good long time begging to get something like that, and Im lucky if I make a pound a day as most people just walk by and ignore me, like yesterday I saw a bunch of indoctrinate children go past they didnt even give me a look , they dont know how lucky they are they have everything they need.I spend my days walking through the streets trying to scavenge what I can. Walking through the city I see the most amazing sights such as the great houses with their exquisitely designed architecture and big lace curtains draped across the windows, my eyes are fixed on this I dream of a situation like this but I know it will never happen.

Strategy Formulation

Yeos compete directly with one a nonher at what is c altogethered the business level of strategic counsel. Competitors may be individual business units of a larger corporation or they may be stand- alone businesses. Because competition takes place at the business level, strategic management here is crucial to the overall success for Yeos . Accordingly, the concept of belligerent advantage is both the focus of the three later(prenominal) on scheme formulation. There is three parts that reflect the three major considerations in formulating a business- level dodge.The first part is to discuss utility(a) competitive advantages (Overall cost leadership, differentiation and focus group) and the strength and limitation of each. Yeos confederacy has competitive advantage whenever it washstand attract customers and defend against competitive root for better than its rivals. Successful competitive strategies usually involve building uniquely strong or classifiable edge over rivals. Som e compositors case of distinctive competencies atomic number 18 top-flight technology and result features, better manufacturing technology and skills, superior sales and distri neverthelession capabilities and better customer service and convenience.Competitive system is about universe different. It means deliberately choosing to perform activities differently or to perform different activities than rivals to deliver an unique mix of value. (Michael E. Porter). The essence of strategy lies in creating tomorrow competitive advantages faster than competitor mimic the one you possess today. (Gary Hamel & C. K. Prahalad). Overall cost leadership strategy The classic cost leadership strategy involves offering a no-frills product aimed at the most typical customer in a large target market.Anything to do with cost which link up to money example raw material is cheap, workers salary is low facilities that Yeos can bite with the competitor. Because cost can usually be lowered as a pro duct become more standardized, low-cost manufacturing strive for long production runs and low- cost uniform packages. By targeting roomyly defined markets with standard products, production technique can be used to create the greatest possible benefits from economies of scale and experience curve effect. Such as price sensitive customer do non mind about the price but customer care about the adjudicate and uality like Maggie and Kraft. In this case Yeos should apply leadership strategy low- cost producers are protected from customer pressure to lower prices. Competitors cannot consistently price below what is kn hold as their survival price, that which allow profit margins near adequate to maintain a business. The low- cost leader has a lower survival price than other competitor does, so customer will not be able to play one competing supplier against another to force prices below a level at which the cost leader can understood make profit.Yeos would force less efficient suppli ers out business, leaving the low-cost supplier with a monopoly. New entrants competing on the basic of price essential face the low-cost leader without having the experience necessary to become efficient. Yeos caller-out cumulative volume of production increase and the company gains experience in providing a particular approximate or service, production costs tend to decrease the experience curve effect. To the extent that experience affects costs in a particular persistence, the low-cost leader is likely to accommodate already moved far down its experience curve.New entrants lacking this experience will not enthral a comparable cost reduction benefit and may be forced to enter market using some of the competitive advantages not related to low pricing. Holding the low-cost position may convince rivals not to enter a price war. Price wars can be ruinous to all competitor involved. Customer do not mind of the price whether is cheap or expensive, they only care about good qualit y and good taste which they trust on Yeos product. Differentiation Differentiation strategies can help the company to differentiation their products offering by customizing product to suit consumer specific requirements.Appealing to broad cross- section of the market through offering differentiating features that make customer willing to pay premium price. Example quality, prestige, special features, service and convenience. Success with this type of strategy requires differentiation features that are hard or expensive for competitor to duplicate. Sustainable differentiation usually comes from advantages in core competencies, unique company resources or capabilities and superior management of value chain activities. Some condition that tend to favor differentiation strategies by Yeos company * There are ninefold ways to differentiate the product and ervice that buyers recall admit substantial value. * Buyers have different need or uses of the product and service * Product innova tions and technological change are rapid and competition emphases the latest product features. Corporate Level Strategy In this aspect of strategy, we are concerned with broad decision about the centre organization scope and direction. Basically, we consider what changes should be made in harvest-festival objective and strategy for achieving it, the lines of business we are in, and how these lines of business fit together.It is useful to think of three components of corporate strategy a) growth strategy b) portfolio strategy and c) parenting strategy. Growth strategy All growth strategies can be classified into one of devil fundamental categories concentration within existing industries or diversification into other line of business. When Yeos company current industries are attractive, have a good growth potential and do not face with serious threats, concentrating resources in the existing industries make good sense.Diversification tends to have a greater risk but is an appropri ate option when a company current industries have little growth potential or are unattractive in other way. When an exertion consolidates and becomes mature, unless there are other markets to seek, a company may have no choice for growth but diversification. Portfolio Analysis The experience curve is establish on the concept that costs are a direct function of accumulated market share. Market share equates to positiveness and cash in flow.Market share equates to profitability and cash flow. Yeos company that successful in sub business unit and product lines will generate large cash flow as the sub business or products move toward maturity as contrasted to large cash requirement of sub business units and product lines in Yeos growth and development stages. As sub business units and products lines decline, cash flow will diminish and fade away. Effective utilization of cash flows and the nurturing of the most productive units requires management constant surveillance.The diversifie d company with multiple product lines has the opportunity to balance cash flows and channel investment into the most promising areas of its portfolio. Diversified portfolio enables a company to control its internal allocation of resources. The ability to utilize tax losses from one units as an offset against a profitable one is an important advantages. place funds from a profitable maturing unit and product into the growing and cash- demanding part of Yeos, which show a tax loss, effectively lower the cost of the capital and provides an thoroughfare for future growth through internally generated funds.The basis for portfolio analysis and the channeling of available investment funds into the most promising and productive units of the firms is based on the complex body part and philosophy of management. Its approach to control sub business unit and product lines, its attitude toward risk and growth and its interpretation of its life- cycle position are factors which have an impact on the effective use of portfolio management.Yeos which structure its diversified units into separate independent profit center entities with each area depending on its own resource may factors out the flexibility and advantages inherent in its diversification. Concentration on short-run profit and ignoring the potential growth sectors of the portfolio because of the initial lack of cash flow and profitability can lead to cash-draining in the defensive stage of the company Yeos life cycle and eventual movement into the decline. International strategy Mergers The threat of takeover was management of companies targeted for acquisition.The threat of takeover was more likely for companies which had low price and earnings ratios. The relatively low prices of the stock of Yeos company in relation to earning was attractive to aggressive expanding enterprises, particular the conglomerates. These predicated Yeos growth mainly on effecting financial synergy by trading the stock, which had hig h multiple of price to earnings, for the stock of Yeos company with significantly lower price. Many effective strategies were developed by vulnerable companies to prevent unwanted takeover.Compatible mergers in such(prenominal) instances may provide an increase in the economies of scale and an increase in market share for the combined unit without the fear of cutthroat competition. The nature of the diligence is an important factor determining the likelihood of acquisition and mergers. The mature industries which are generally dominated by large companies are less likely to have industry acquisitions and mergers. The new industries, which still lack dominant size in individual companies and are technologically oriented and most likely to have industry acquisitions and mergers.

Bamboozled: Black People and White Man Essay

In 2000, Spike lee wrote and directed the film Bamboozled. When discussing his satirical film, Spike lee side claimed, I want people to think about the power of images, not just in terms of race, but how imagery is apply and what sort of social impact it has how it influences how we talk, how we think, how we view one another. . . how film and television feature historic every(prenominal)y. . . produced and perpetuated distorted images. Spike Lee cert ainly conveyed this message in Bamboozled. Images atomic number 18 powerful and carry massive social impact. They should never be misrepresented.Are all African Americans either lazy or dim-witted or smart servants, always ready and willing to please the White Man? The short answer is, no. However, throughout the 1800s and early 1900s, many people believed this. The ultimate indecision is, why? As explained in the film Ethnic Notions, this false perception grew and grew, even past the time of slavery, due to images. Derogatory images of African Americans as smart servants or savages, were everywhere they were published in childrens books and slapped on cans of food to be used as a marketing tool.People bought into this perception of African Americans, as they became acclimatized to it. Today, our society likes to believe that times have changed and there is no longer an issue of race or false perception of African Americans in the media. However, Spike Lee argues, A new phenomenon has emerged in film in recent years, in which an African-American character is imbued with special powers, filmmaker Spike Lee told a student audience ? This new image is just a reincarnation of the same old stereotype or caricature of African Americans ?Lee cited four recent films in which there is a magical, mystical Negro character ? in The Legend of Bagger Vance, a shady man with all these powers, teaches a young ovalbumin male ? how to golf like a champion ? How is it that black people have these powers but they use them for the benefit of white people? Spike Lee seems to be under the impression that African Americans are still misrepresented in the media. They have only improved their energy to mask the fact. False image is still there, but it is subtle. His film Bamboozled ripped viewers eyes wide open.The film explored and demonstrated two images of African Americans. The first image, is the macabre Man who is just like the White Man or the Asian Man or the Middle-Eastern Man a man who can be bountiful and successful like capital of South Dakota Delacroix in Bamboozled a man who can be poor and when without money will do almost anything for it like Manray and Womack. However, when Pierre Delacroix pitched television describes about a Black Man living in an upper-middle-class white, suburban neighborhood, his superior, Thomas Dunwitty turned them d induce, they definitely dont want to see dignified black people on television. However, the network would allow Pierre Delacroix to create a show which blatantly degrades African Americans a show which goes back to the 1900s, to the time of black face and minstrel shows a time when black people were considered subhuman. This is where Spike Lee demonstrates the other image of the African American an image that the media has gently forced down viewers throats. Spike Lee, however, did not do so gently. The fictional television show in Bamboozled, Mantans New Millennium Minstrel Show, starred African Americans in black face acting like buffoons.It might as well have been an authentic minstrel show in the 1900s. There was dancing and singing. The two main characters hid from the White Man in a chicken coup, saying aint nobody in here but us chickens 4 The creator, Pierre Delacroixs initial intention with this show was not to degrade his own race. It was to break the stereotypes. 5 He figured the nation would be shocked and outraged Instead they ate it up. The studio audience dressed in black face.Children trick-or-treated in blac k face. It was the latest craze of the nation. Black face is an act which digs back to a time of slavery, a time where African Americans were considered inferior. It was right off socially acceptable to publicly highlight a moment in history that pained African Americans. People figured its on TV, its OK The black man was degraded, as he has always been, but in Bamboozled no mercy was spared. Spike Lee used the film in a variety of ways.He attacked todays media and the way in which it portrays African Americans. He explored the wide scope of African Americans lives, which is no different than the lives of any other race. He demonstrated the consequences of greed and sacrificing ones dignity. Furthermore, he exposed society for what it really is mindless. The majority of a community does not question the media. Instead it swallows images whole, even if those images are as false and misleading as a painted black face.

Disclosure issues- voluntary versus mandatory

Now a days virtu anyy(prenominal) of the companies are trying to find out dashs to attr blade out as much capital as possible. With the continuation to wards market globalisation the urge to introduce harmonise global accounting standards charter been appendd. In revise to attract larger amount of capital in the different regions of the earthly concern it is important for the companies to turn in the instruction in the fiscal statements, which is understandable by a diverse group of people. Most of the world geological formations are trying to find out ways towards the general standards.The formation of IASC in 1973, was the result of such(prenominal) efforts by different countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, UK and US. This international body has issued to a greater extent than 30 International Accounting Standards and has given a general presentation of the framework of the preparation and randomness availability of information in the pecuniary statements. Although the organisation has adopted English as its formal language hardly the standards are translated into many other languages utilize in the world to make them understandable by as many people as possible.The important hindrance in the way of the make use of of public standards between the nations is that they are non legally imposed. The use of International Accounting Standards is a voluntary act of the countries. (Taylor & Pincus, 2002 p. 39) 2. Definition of danger Smith (1999) defines pretend as a decision expressed by a range or possible outcomes with attached probabilities. When in that location is a range of possible outcomes but no assumed probabilities, there is only uncertainty (ibid. ).Hertz & doubting Thomas (1984) have suggested that . Risk means uncertainty and the results of uncertainty risk refers to a lack of predictability about difficulty structure, outcomes or consequences in a decision or planning situation. Risk is de fined, as a baneful notion is the most important stimulants for life. Uncertainty, far from being a symptom of imperfection, is in fact a natural property of economics, indeed, probably of all life systems . . .. Uncertainty is the name of the game in the service of process economy. (Giarini, 2000)According to (Feynman, 1998) it is in the admission of ignorance and the admission of uncertainty that there is hope for the continuous motion of human beings in some direction that doesnt get confined, permanently blocked, as it has so many successions before in various periods in the history of man. Adams (1995) defines risk as the balancing act in which the actors balance the judge rewards of their actions against the perceived costs of failure in a world in which both it and our perceptions of it are everlastingly being transformed by our effect on the world and its effect on us.In a ISO/TMB Risk Management Terminology Paper (1999) risk is defined as combination of the probabilit y of an event and its ban or positive consequences, The royal Society (1983) defined risk as a particular unfavourable event occurs during a stated period of succession, or results from a particular challenge. Importance of Risk revelation Murphy (1999) sees Financial inform and financial statements in particular can be thought of as a lens through which one could view a care.Financial reporting provides a broader view of the telephone circuit than that provided by financial statements only. In other words, financial reporting encompassed financial statements, but it is not particular to financial statements. It is assumed that by providing information that meets the call for of investors and creditors, the company excessively meet the information needs of other external parties, it would be able to provide superior information if it treated each latent group of external users separately and prepared different information for each group.This approach is impractical, howe ver, and the company kinda out for preparing what is referred to as general-purpose information that we consider is useful to multiple user groups. With the change in the economic environment the list of factors of production has included nonphysical as check offs such as information and knowledge. The intangible assets are replacing the old sets of assets. In order to keep on delivering profits the business must(prenominal) keep on investing in different projects in order to alter their organizational capabilities.These investments improve the capabilities of the business to respond to the customer demands, the external contacts of business reduces the risks attached to the products, internal integration improve the productivity of organization continuous experimenting not only improve the value creation but also deepen the image of the organization in business. These investments are very important for the businesses to survive it is necessary to measure the cost, inventory, put and quality savings measured by traditional capital budgeting systems.Most of the traditional accounting techniques measure the in store(predicate) flow of income by undertaking an investment which is not easy to calculate since the stream of income is expected to increase in future and the managers cannot decide to assign the right value to the future benefit. Rather than that it is easier to the calculate investment. This is receivable to the difficulty the future organisation face in calculating the future benefits most organisations normally do not undertake new investments. (Enterweb, 2005)The use of intangible assets has created difficulties on the other hand also. People believe in what they see. The process of interaction of ideas and assets has been revolutionised. Developing trust and understanding with stakeholders is very important in order to turn knowledge in value. Today, the companies are required to report the performances not only on financial basis but also should under cover the issues such as vision, strategy, risks, value drivers, KPIs etc.The ensnareers of the Global connector of Risk Professionals (GARP), Lev Borodovsky and Marc Lore, wrote in Risk Professional, no matter what types of methods are used, the key to risk management is delivering risk information, in a timely and succinct fashion, while ensuring that key decision makers have the time, the tools, and the incentive to act upon it. (Lev & Lore, 1997) Externally reported financial information is largely historical in nature. It looks back in time and reports the results of events and transaction that already have occurred.While historical information is very useful in assessing the future, the information itself is more about the past than it is about the future. A comparison of the historical trends with the future trends can be found helpful in better understanding of the information by the shareholders and other related people. (Financial Economists Roundtable, 19 96) The improvement in public scrutiny and controlled market discipline is largely dependent upon the meaningful and accurate disclosure of information.This not only helps the shareholders but also helps the organisation to conduct business in a safe and high-octane manner by achieving their targets through improving their risk management processes. The researchers find many gaps in the fascinate disclosure of risk by the organisations. Many surveys have been conducted, a wide variety of studies and interviews from the information users and shareholders have pointed out towards gaps in the currently disclosed information. The demand of provision of accurate and timely information is increasing.Business reporting effect people from every work of life an effective allocation of resources strengthens an economy by promoting productivity, innovations and an in force(p) and liquid market. Adequate information plays an important role in reporting the risks and opportunities of investin g in business venture. To make effective decisions people need accurate information. The completeness and timeliness of information enhances the probability of taking the most appropriate decisions by the investors.Perhaps the foremost kind and ethical responsibility levied upon private and public organisation in recent decades is the adoption of fair and just accounting practices. This responsibility is being increasingly codified in laws and various accounting standards. Its influence is becoming increasingly pervasive through a constant series of new and improved standards as well as quieten enlargement in the size and scene of administering agencies.The voluntary disclosure of information by the companies will lead to the competitive advantage for the company in the market and will provide help to gain enormous amounts of capital all over the world. US Regulations for Risk disclosure The US GAAP was founded in 1930 after one year of the historical impression in the US stock market in 1929. Till 1934 the companies kept on disclosing the information voluntarily. irregular was established in 1934 with the authority to establish the accounting standards but also to make sure that these standards are used in the preparation of the disclosures.Since the issue was very complex the private sector also started assisting the sec in 1938 in order to settle the accounting standards. The most important and unique characteristic of the US GAAP is that its strength is tested in the market in which retail investors with banks and entrepreneurs invest. Now FASB is responsible to set US accounting standards. The ultimate responsibility of protecting the interest of the financial information users lies on siemens and it is fulfilling its functions since decades by constantly forming and developing set of accounting standards according to changing needs.A history of 70 age of interpretation and implementation of US GAAP in different industries has make it one of the most genuine and applicable set of standards. This application of 70 years has helped the accounting practitioners and professionals in filling the gaps and flaws in these standards which has not make them perfect but improved their reliability and tested their strength. The main hurdle in the way of adoption of IFRS for US is that the application and strength of IFRS is not tested for as long as the US GAAP.IFRS are relatively newly developed as equation to US GAAP. The decision to change the US GAAP into the IFRS cannot be taken in a snapshot the process will be time taking, as a huge change is needed to be brought. The EU adoption of the IFRS was very steady and easier as compare to the US. This is because the unification of 25 countries in a union with different economic, cultural and social background is a big task in itself hence the change of accounting standards is a relatively important but small part of it.Despite all the differences in the financial market environment the U. S see the implementation of the IFRS as an opportunity to implement and introduce the better standards to improve the creditors accessibility. The process of carrefour has started of the U. S GAAP in the IFRS, which will come to success if mutual consensus will be developed. The thinning edge IFRS has that they have prepared by the most experienced and brilliant accounting professionals but has a negative point of not having a long history of implementation and strength testing.International Accounting Standards In the January of the year 2006 the accounts of all the listed companies shifted to the International Financial Reporting Standards. Under the International Financial Reporting standards all the listed companies should present their fair information regarding the companys financial position, performance and cash flows. Despite the pull from the International accounting agencies, some of the Governments are still reluctant to impose International accounting standard s in their stock markets.Although there are big differences in the accounting standards in most of the economies of the world but the main aim of all the accounting systems is to ensure fair and transparent corporate governance and financial reporting. The adoption of the International standards will lead to decrease in the accounting scandals and increase the adoption of common standard all over the world. Conclusion Degree of Information varies largely from institution to institution. The amount of information made available to the shareholders largely depends upon the volume of financial instruments and the type of financial instruments used by the company.It is estimated that the shareholders of a financial institution is more required to have the risk related information as compare to that of the shareholder of an industrial company. Financial risks are the important part of the financial business operations on the other hands it is generally a by-product of an industrial compa nys daily business. At the very minimum, a company should keep shareholders informed about the types of financial instruments used and their purposes.It must make a distinction between instruments that are used for hedging and those that are not, as well as the relevant accounting policies. It should disclose the notional principal of these instruments, their maturity, cash requirements, market value and credit risk. It should also tell shareholders how the firm monitors the values of these instruments. Where possible, firms should also disclose the firms market risks if quantitative information is not possible then a qualitative discussion should be included. (13 Questions on Risk Management)

Movie review of Los Mineros

discourse most of the labor and liveliness condition issue in this film In the film, Mexican miners were living under terrible situation. They had been treated inhumanly. Their living environments were extremely unhygienic, there was no fresh running pissing or appropriate place to dispose garbage. Because of the unfair treatment between Anglo miners and Mexican miners, most miners and their families were low from starvation. Moreover, Mexican miners persisting conditions were inconceivable.They were working for 12 hours a day, averagely. Due to Duel wage system, Mexican miner s pay rate was deducted by half of what an Anglo miner would be paid. 2. What events affected the miners (Mexican Revolution, WWI, Depression, WWII) Mexican Revolution was a changing point for the miners. Some labor organizations began collecting labor forces long originally the revolution stared, such as the Obreros Libres (Free Workers), leaded by Praxedis Guerrero. The Obreros Libres was a major labo r union in southeastern Arizona (P. 106).After the revolution, in order o protect the rights of Mexican labors, Mexican government passed the composing of 1917. Meanwhile, WW I offered another chance for the Mexican labors. Because of most American labors were fighting the war, the whole country was experiencing a productivity impairment. It provided a lot of employment opportunities for Mexicans, such as in mining and agriculture industries. They became an valuable labor force in the U. S. 3. What were the relationships like between the Anglo miners and Mexican miners? Mexican miners and the company 00b, segregation, ) ?Back then, Anglo communities had some serious racial discriminations on Mexicans. Compare to Mexican miners living conditions, Anglo miners were living in pleasant purlieu. They received twice as much money as Mexicans. However, as Anglo miners, they did not have to work for 12 hours a day and their Jobs were less dangerous than Mexicans In addition, they had the ir own county club, where they can relax and socialize. The quality of a Mexican miner s life was far below an Anglo miners. How did WWII affect the Mexican American miners? Community?

Glory Movie Essay

Glory is both an awe inspiring and heart wrenching icon about the first whole smuggled pop the question company to fight in the civil war. The movie starts off with Col. Robert Gould Shaw leading a company of soldiers in Antietam which suffers heavy losses. Soon he is promoted to Colonel and given command to the 54th Massachusetts volunteer infantry the first all black control. The first volunteer to sign up is an educated black man breakd Thomas Searles who is in any case Shaws friend.Many more men join the regiment including an escaped slave named Trip, a free black man named Jupiter Sharts, as well as the gravedigger Rawlins. After realizing the regiment in never going to be more than anything but manual labor, Colonel Shaw confronts his superiors and demands to be transferred to somewhere where they will see some fighting or else he will report him to the War Department for suspicious business. Shaws request is granted and is transferred to South Carolina where they succes sfully fight off a group of confederates.This movie was a huge hit. Released in 1989, it won a total of 16 awards including 3 Oscars and god nominated for 12 more awards. The Director Edward is well-known for his sumptuous movies that involve Glory (1989), and the breathtaking works of art that include Legends of the Fall (1994) as well as modern hits such as Love and other Drugs (2010) and Defiance (20080. Zwick has also been known for his thoughtfulness as a director, and for his record of working with television series and other films as a producer. The movie itself was bandaged for greatness with huge Hollywood names such as Denzel working capital who played Trip and Morgan freeman who played John Rawlins also great supporting actors like Matthew Broderick who played Colonel Shaw and Andre Braugher to play Thomas Searles. The movie budget was 18,000,000 and grossed a total of 26,830,000.In my own rating system 5 being the trump out and 1 being the lowest the movie got a 4. The movie deserved every award it got. there were amazing battle scenes as well as some very emotional scenes as well. Denzel Washington was an amazing actor, the scene where he was getting whipped for deserting (which we later find out was to find shoes) while the colonel was notice was one of the most heart wrenching scenes in the movie. As well as great acting the story never skips a beat. Theres never a dull moment. The movie had a clear plot and you could easily understand why something was happening. The movie gave a realistic view of how solid things were for African Americans were and their hunger to fight for what they believe is right.The historical accuracy of Glory is pretty questionable. It does a heavy job addressing the hardships and discrimination the 54th did go through. However like all Hollywood history movies it does have its rights and wrongs. approximately of the volunteers in the movie were depicted as fugitive slaves when in reality they were free men in Massachusetts. Of the major characters in the movies version of the regiment, only Robert Gould Shaw was a real person. The rest atomic number 18 made up characters. The name of Shaws executive officer (Cabot Forbes) is a combination of the first name from one of the real Shaws friends and the last name of another. Colonel Shaw was a married man yet in the movie it wasnt shown.Though it may not have been a big point in history it was a big part of Colonel Shaws personal life. At the end of the movie it states that everyplace half of the regiment was lost during the assault on Fort Wagner. However, official records state that the 54th sustained 272 casualties, which is close-hauled to 40%. Of these casualties, only 116 were fatalities, just under one fifth of the men to storm the fort, however if you include the 156 that were captured it would bring your total to over half. Most aspects of the movie however are true. When the black soldiers refused pay cod to discrimination Co lonel Shaw did refuse his pay as well.Against all expectations the 54th rose above that and proved them wrong. They proved their heroism and honor throughout several battles during the war. There was a memorial made to Colonel Shaw and his 54th and thus solidifying their regiment as one of the most influential and memorable of all time.Bibliography* Glory. Dir. Edward Zwick. Perf. Matthew Broderick, Denzel Washington,Morgan Freeman. TriStar Pictures, 1989. * Glory. IMDb. IMDb.com. Web. 8 Jan. 2013. . * The 54th Massachusetts Regiment in Myth, Memory, and History. Civil War Memory RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2013 * Museum of African American History, Boston Black Heritage Trail target 1. Museum of African American History, Boston Black Heritage Trail Site 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2013.

An Exit Strategy From Poverty: Sustainable Comprehensive Humanitarian Assistance and Planning in the developing and under-developed world

Humanitarian supporter to the exploitation and chthonic-developed manhood has been a hotly debated issue or so the globe for decades, with the charge cosmos on how these sorry terra firmas potful be given sanction and if the aid is plainly creating more(prenominal)(prenominal) than barriers than it is drop deading them crush. The prevalent dogma now is that previous models of humanitarian aid have been band-aid fixes for an enduring, wide-scale problem. There appears to be a sea variegate occurring with humanitarian aid, however, spurred by economic and social reforms to previous aid models.This remove, examined at the most simple take is influenced by the proverb give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. take a man to fish, and you feed him for a lifetime. An organization at the head of the tide of this sea change is Sustainable Comprehensive Humanitarian Assistance and Planning (SCHAP). SCHAP represents a movement away from aid from acres states and N GOs to more independent bestow by non-profit organizations with a different economic sentiency than before.This in the buff sense foc intakes aid non on the previous head-supra- weewee emergency temporary fixes, scarcely rather on the learning of the paltry nations and their plenty, to get them out of the water altogether. It is the sustainable and schoolwide on which SCHAP endeavors itself, seeing it non on the nose as part of the name of their organization, just now now as the name of a new humanitarian ideology (SCHAP 1) where assistance and devicening be critical to the creation of a self placeing infrastructure based on the thinking and victimisation of the suffering regions and communities (SCHAP 1).It is this focus on sustain mogul and providing aid in a comprehensive vogue that SCHAP shargons with the organizations it works with and takes inspiration from, like the revolutionary Grameen shore. What SCHAP brings to short nations is a unique aid perspect ive from a seam-sense, where entrepreneurship and lending reforms atomic number 18 paramount. SCHAPs romance is that this sea change go away see developing and under-developed nations fit truly profitable in not only an economic sense, just in like manner socially, culturally and politically.SCHAP, in other words, does not wish to issue the fish, but rather to help establish a nation of fishermen. 2. SCHAPs HUMANITARIAN AID PLATFORM SCHAP is a non-profit organization working in suffering nations, and their explosive charge is two-pronged to bring sustainable solutions to humans living with extreme disadvantages in an effort to empower them with tools, resources, information and vision requisite for discipline and an change magnitude quality of life, while also teaching the correct principles of sustainable and comprehensive humanitarian work to aspiring philanthropists. SCHAP 1) SCHAP brings an preliminary that focuses on inseparable development rather than external fixes or influences. With access to developmental skills and tools and proper procreation, SCHAP states that change will come from the spread of principles, technology and information from inwardly communities (1). SCHAPs non-profit status factor that it give the axe devote the entirety of its resources and donations to the communities of scurvy nations.Founder and President Cory glazer emphasizes that every dollar that goes to SCHAP goes into the cost of their projects, and that with a fully volunteer staff, they basis grow unabated by the license from the need for funds (KPBS 1). An aspect of SCHAP that has garnered it not only success in its application in villages like Matoso, Kenya, but also global attention, is from its focus on planning that examines the issues at the heart of the communities and builds aid from those issues in a way that respects the topical anaesthetic cultural and social integrity.Glazier maintains that by flavour at the roots of an issue rather t han just the implications of those issues (which includes speaking with community in the villages), a fail pinch is gained as to how these massess circumstances got to be the way they be and what must be done (SCHAP 1) to further development to cross the penury line. By better understanding the circumstances that conduct to and that propagate the conditions the people of poor nations face, SCHAP is uniquely equipped with the companionship to create a plan that implements a comprehensive multi-dimensional platform to create permanent solutions.Paul Polak sees this sort of planning as being ordinary for king-sized businesses or for whatever entrepreneur seeking to start-up venture capital, but it is r ar for development organizations (18). Polaks wealth of experience with humanitarian aid has given him an exclusive perspective on what is inevitable in cast to end leanness in the poor nations, and he sees learning from a real-life linguistic context from those who atom ic number 18 suffering and not ignoring the obvious as hint to creation of world-changing ideas (18).SCHAPs focus on the internal development rather than the external addresses what Jeffrey Sachs sees as the influence of the developed world and how the poor nations must profane the barriers that have beset them as well as the barriers that foreign aid has unwittingly erected. Sachs assignment that a countrys fate is crucially determined by its specific linkages to the respite of the world (128) is one that SCHAP recognizes and looks to fix with promoting the internal development of communities to unwrap themselves from the more burdensome linkages, much(prenominal) as disabling equipment casualty of debt or the inability to gain extension.Sach carries forward on his premise of the effect of specific linkages with the rest of the world, suggesting two remedies that SCHAP champions, which are the concept of economic transformation of a broad-based sense and the possibilities of a practical constitution that arise from conceptual thinking on a large-scale (128).The true promising authority of SCHAP is seen in how its fundamentals mirror what a United States Institute of Peace symposium in October 1995 outlined as to what was needed to create a more positive impact by NGOs on foreign aid, which were improved planning, more accurate assessment of needs, providing aid with the longest term benefit to specifically targeted groups and empowering local fictive activitys (Smock 1).With SCHAP focusing on sustainable and comprehensive planning, it is operating at bottom a new framework that is given a freedom as a result from working independently of regimes and International bodies that have been heavily involved in foreign aid that has largely been ineffectual. Operating in this manner, SCHAP is not guilty of what David Smock admonishes NGOs for, which is functioning just as agents for the implementation of foreign aid from governments and the United Na tions (2). The most unique aspect of SCHAP is its local onset regarding aid.By focusing on a community, not only is the task less daunting for a shorter organization such as SCHAP, but it also plays to the organizations strength of sagacious the root of local issues. This experience entails a respect for the social and cultural identity of these communities and the importance that the bailiwick of a community is to the larger cultural and social national identity. It is tribalism mixed with 21st century economics, and it is this surpass of both worlds framework which SCHAP is hoping to use to bring the people of poor nations out of poverty for good.To evaluate the work that SCHAP is doing, its probable for long term developmental benefits and the support it has from other institutions that assist it or provide a parallel framework, trio key areas that SCHAP is focused on should be examined. Firstly is SCHAPs focus on providing the people of poor nations with an exit strategy from poverty by a business-oriented tilt towards entrepreneurship and the formation of a solid financial ensnareation from micro-credit.Another key area of disturb for SCHAP is attention towards culture, which will not only raise the quality of life for the people in the communities, but a focus on the development of children will lead to long-lasting benefits that will carry on for generations. Lastly, SCHAP is obviously promoting improvements in the health of the people of poor nations with such necessities as well-defined water and access to and knowledge of better nutrition. These three key areas of concern are part of the building blocks of the comprehensive vision that SCHAP holds of bringing an end to poverty for the people of poor nations on their call. . Providing an Exit Strategy from Poverty Foreign aid has largely been stopgap measures in emergency situations, with money and manpower being poured into poor areas to provide food and resources without addressing t he causes of the problems that plague poor nations. This aid has managed to staunch some of the bleeding that poverty steadily provides, but it is only by gift the poor nations an independence from foreign aid and providing the tools and knowledge needed to ascend beyond poverty that these nations and, more importantly, their people will prosper.What SCHAP endeavors to provide the people of communities like Matoso, Kenya is an exit strategy from poverty that focuses on providing the means for not only self-sustainment but also profit. It is from Glazier that SCHAPs unique foundation is formed, as he has a behindground business, which he uses to his advantage and to the advantage of his organization and the people they help pass poverty.To use Matoso as a case study, Glazier and SCHAP rig together what he calls a business plan for the village (KPBS 1), which focuses on what is needed to increase the quality of life for the village as a satisfying and for families and individuals that live within it by promoting their own development. Glazier sees the inherent barriers that a cashless community faces in stressful to interact with a cash community (1), such as a financial institution or a financially supportive NGO or nation state. SCHAPs business plan is to break those barriers.SCHAPs exit strategy from poverty for the people of poor nations involves teaching the principles of entrepreneurship, how to optimize businesses and the benefits of microcredit (SCHAP 1). The passing of this knowledge is think to create sustainable rural development promoted by the entrepreneurship of local members of the community, which would create a foodstuff environment within the community (SCHAP 1). SCHAP recognizes that the potential of local entrepreneurs by to be business leaders and wishes to empower them with training and assistance to reach this potential.Implementation of this strategy includes business development workshops in the communities, teaching those in the communities to develop business plans and how to qualify for microcredit and to train and hire members of the community to practise as business development leaders to carry on the initiatives set out by SCHAP (SHAP 1). Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Prize winner for creating the grandfather institution of micro-credit, the Grameen Bank, acknowledges the capabilities of the people of poor nations to be successful entrepreneurs and that the support of organizations with the objectives of SCHAP can create stepping stones out of poverty.Yunus sees entrepreneurship as a universal ability that lay offs people to choose to work for themselves rather than waiting for jobs to be created for them (54). Yunus likens the business development by local entrepreneurs to the egression of healthy bonsai trees, as the seed of a tall tree deep-rooted in a shallow pot will grow to resemble a tall tree but will be stunted the seed is fine, but the soil needs to be fitting to promote proper growth (54). The seed that foreign aid has provided in the past was well intended but the framework was inadequate to create real change to the situation of poverty.The business-driven initiatives of SCHAP look to create deep, plentiful soil to promote the ascension beyond poverty. Another aspect of SCHAPs exit strategy from poverty involves the access to microcredit in order to bring the impoverished into the financial sphere. Not only will microcredit allow for entrepreneurial growth, but it will also promote financial stableness for upcoming inevitabilities of families well beyond business. By providing microcredit and supportive training to qualified members of the communities, sustainable financial situations can be created and maintained.SCHAP looks to achieve this not only with access to microcredit, but by also working with the local entrepreneurs with developing a business plan and to achieve the qualifications for credit (SCHAP 1). This is a long-term initiative that looks to empowerin g the people of poor nations and breaking down the barriers that traditional financial institutions have erected by marginalizing and even all in all dismissing the people of poor nations. Breaking these barriers is what prompt Yunus to create the Grameen Bank to serve as a financial institution to the poor.Yunus evaluation of the treatment of the people of poor nations led him to the realization that banks considered the poor as un magna cum laude of credit and as a result, the poor were prevented from doning into and profiting from the financial system, and from this broken system Yunus sought to create a financial institution that would worthy of the people (49). In the traditional financial system, the people of the poor nations are non-entities. Traditional financial institutions are concerned with making money, and providing funds to risky ventures is not in those banks best interests.Without credit, the poor cannot create a foundation to develop a long-term self-sustain ing life and save money. The conditions that have created and perpetuated poverty in developing and under-developed nations are not the only obstacle that the poor must overcome in order to escape poverty. The barriers created by the traditional financial institutions hold back the development that the poor are up to(p) of achieving given they are allowed access to what the rest of the world has had for decades.Turning up a nose to the people of poor nations need for credit is a hypocritical stance that ignores the realities of the markets in the Western World. Credit is arguably how the middle class in the West survives, and when that bubble bursts, the effects show how pervasive credit is in the economy of these countries. Look no further than the sub outpouring mortgage crisis in the United States and the resulting economic instability for an poser of the vast need for credit inherent in the developed world. To deny the developing and under-developed world credit is to deny the ir potential and their rights.Yunus created the Grameen Bank to allow access to credit for the poor to generate self-employment and income for them (Yunus 54). The Grameen Bank operates under Yunus principles of microcredit, which does enforce on the poor the rules and laws of traditional banks, but rather recognizes them upon their own worth (49). Microcredit provides microloans small loans with small interest rates to those without collateral or previous credit. Microcredit, and the other facets of microfinance promote entrepreneurship and the ability to develop the stability needed for long-term sustainability above the poverty line.The Grameen Banks use of microcredit and its unique lending terms allow for the challenging of what Yunus calls the financial apartheid (51), as traditional lending terms, peculiarly interest rates, are entirely un comely for the people of poor nations. While the average person in the Western World is around 20 to 25 per cent, poor people, who are graciously allowed to be burdened by traditional banks with payday loans, are facing annual interest rates around 250 per cent (51).Yunus faced widespread criticism from those scandalize at his disregard for the low-risk activity of traditional financial institutions and willingness to apparently throw money away without either chance of seeing any sort of return. Yunus was literally banking on the potential he saw in the people of poor nations, and his work not only yielded financial returns, but also allowed for the economic development of poor communities. The success of the Grameen Bank and its microcredit platform is seen in the over 2500 branches that currently provide loans to over vii million poor, totaling six Billion Dollars (51) since the Banks inception in 1983.The repayment rate on those loans stands at 98. 6 per cent a blow to critics of microcredit and the Grameen Bank and most importantly, 64 per cent of borrowers that have been involved with the Bank for quint ette or more years have risen above the poverty line (52). SCHAP utilizes microcredit to promote development in communities because it allows for flexibility and growth that is within the reach of poor entrepreneurs. A study by Daryl Collins et al. howed that when given access to loans, the poor members of communities acted in a responsible manner that promoted sustainability, with savings being contributed to the bank weekly, and withdrawals being made only between two or three times in a financial quarter (161). The study also found that ease of use brought about increased development, as the introduction of the passbook savings account saw a dramatic rise in savings made by the poor members of the communities (162).The efficacy of the Grameen Bank and microcredit, then, can be seen in the denary evidence, but the true human impact can be seen on the quality of life of those borrowers. In these communities, the priority of families if of course the children, to not only provide t hem with the essentials for a healthy, productive life, but also to be given the tools and skills to continue the entrepreneurial activities. The Grameen Pension Savings (GPS) is a facet of the microcredit initiatives that coarsely benefit children with the long-term stability of saving profits.The GPS offers a low interest rate to borrowers in exchange for the promise of a regular savings of at least one dollar per month for the term of the loan, which is either five or 10 years. The plan is not restricted to retirement resources, as it promotes the saving of funds for the social, cultural and familial inevitabilities, such as childrens schooling and weddings (168). While the structure of the GPS promotes savings discipline, it also is tone ending in terms of its end-of-term options, as at the end of a GPS term, savings can be transferred into a deposit account at the bank and a new GPS can be started (168).Programs such as the GPS promote the sort of sustainable development that SCHAP is initiating in these communities, which will allow for the people to pick themselves up out of the hole of poverty and propagate the economic, social and cultural integrity of the community, the region and the nation at large. The Asia-Pacific Review highlighted the advantages of microcredit to organizations such as SCHAP and their initiatives micro-credit is a dream come true for donors and non-governmental organizationsloans are invested in be survival skills, enabling the poorest to be magically transformed into entrepreneurs.That way, micro-credits supporters claim, lending to the poor shows that capitalism can benefit all, not just the rich. (xii) It is not magic that will transform the people of these communities into entrepreneurs, but the demanding work of organizations like SCHAP and, more importantly, the large(p) work and dedication of the local members of the communities. One aspect of entrepreneurialism that SCHAP is channeling that hard work and resources i nto is the ensuring of ongoing regional economic development through a focus on horticulture (SCHAP 1).Polak has studied such agricultural reform with great attention, and has found that foreign aid to poor communities has provided only luxuriant knowledge of farming to barely keep their heads above water. His experience in these communities found that the focus of agriculture was on the products and means of producing such that provided only enough to eat, but not near enough to reach a surplus on which money could be made on the market.Polak found that the difficulties of such practices come from two sources an ingrained traditional in the culture of these communities and the propagation of such practices by government agricultural aid agents that applied Western knowledge of crop production for sustenance (84). Polak saw the potential for the economic benefits and an increase in quality of life in agricultural reforms, specifically in small-acreage farms. This potential arose f rom the ideals of the Green Revolution, for which its creator Norman Borlaug received a Nobel Prize.The Green Revolution refers to the sustainable change in food production, with a focus on small-acreage farmers, which would create an increase in food supply, new jobs and reasonable income from the selling of surplus food products (85). What agricultural reforms like the Green Revolution provide for small-acreage subsistence farmers is the opportunity to not to just live hand-to-mouth and remain reliant upon foreign aid donations, but to operate in a profitable manner that will allow them to be active members of the grocery and to have the ability to purchase the food and resources they need.This is the sustainability that SCHAP endeavors to help provide, hence their attention to agriculture as a means for entrepreneurial success. The means for this success suggested by Polak concerning agricultural reform are teaching small-acreage farmers green revolution strategies, including us ing high yield varieties of crops already being produced, the use of fertilizers and proper irrigation to increase the yield of their food crops to enter the marketplace (84). SCHAP has used a business plan approach to agriculture to create cash stop in the village of Matoso.They took a plot of land and created with the help of those in the community a large garden. This garden served to not only get the economic ball rolling in the community to scrap poverty, but also served as an precedent for the local members of the community as to how to develop a marketplace to benefit them by creating capital. In order to gain access to such healthcare products such as malaria medication or contraceptives, members of the communities could work in the garden and farm area in exchange for the medications, which SCHAP would provide.They did this, not to undermine the economy of the community, but to promote the knowledge and skills of producing time, effort and product into money (KPBS 1). By promoting entrepreneurship in this manner, SCHAP created a cycle of cash flow by purchasing medications and providing those medications to the community and then selling back the produce from the garden and farm area, (KPBS 1) in hopes of overcoming the stagnation of poverty with a new engine of commerce.This packaging of commerce with agriculture is not only an access point for local members of the community to qualify for microcredit, but also the creation of a sustainable way of life that promotes the growth beyond poverty. Lisa Avery points out that microcredit has gained experience on the world stage as an utile mechanism for the empowerment of the people of poor nations in an economic and social sense (224), but her work also shows the importance of SCHAPs comprehensive focus on battling poverty.The need for effective aid is to be multi-dimensional, and Avery recognizes this factor in the relationship between entrepreneurial pursuits and the support of microcredit and f osterage and health, as she discovered that the children of borrowers from microcredit institutions like the Grameen Bank had much higher rates of registration in schools and that their medical needs were more likely to be met (209).4. SCHAPs Focus on learning. SCHAPs comprehensive focus is supported by the Asia & Pacific Review, whose study findings led them to suggest that unless microcredit is couple with enough support in other areas, the poor borrowers, especially women, will find their capacity to generate income in decline (xii). A focus of SCHAP in addition to entrepreneurship is education, which speaks as much to sustainable development within these communities just as much as economic activity. SCHAP operates with heavy attention on essential education by introducing school buildings and the tools and skills to provide the educational framework within them.Yunus exemplifies the authoritative voice of support for SCHAPs initiatives, arguing that the first and foremost t ask of development is to turn on the engine of creativity intimate each person (56). Yunus also looks to the next generation of the members of these communities to be the focus of reducing or eliminating poverty, and maintains that any program directed towards children should be considered a prime development program, just as important, if not more so, than the development of infrastructure (55).In terms of the comprehensive approach to battling poverty, Yunus agrees this approach must be taken, as he argues that economic development must include the exploration of creative potential of the individual which, when enabled, will prove more important than any quantitative economic factor (56). This sense of education leading to economic growth not only shows the efficacy of the comprehensive approach of organizations like SCHAP, but also highlights the focus on the long-term sustainability of these communities and their people.By focusing attention and resources on children at a prime stage of development, the impressions made will last beyond their generation, as they will be passed on for many a(prenominal) more to come. SCHAPs primary education goals are to create schools and to create activities that foster learning and creative exploration for the children, as many of these communities have no formal primary educational programs and the education institutions that do exist are highly ineffective, which has resulted in high illiteracy rates and basic learning skills, especially in children under nine years of age (SCHAP 1).Construction of school buildings are repairs to existing structures is an example of a hands-on fix, while SCHAP looks to empower the community to provide education by providing training and jobs for local teachers as well as needed resources (1).Sustainability of these programs is addressed with the covering of overhead with small school fees, which are made possible by the economic reforms within these communities with entrepreneurship and access to marketplace due to agricultural reforms. The slew of benefits from this focus on primary education is due in no small part to the utilization that poor education plays in the derailment of any long-term attempts at ending poverty in these communities.Lisa Avery found that children that do not receive schooling during their critical formative years will only serve to continue the cycle of the illiterate and uneducated in the communities, and that low levels of education contribute to the continuation of poverty, as a result of higher birth rates and those children competing in the families for resources already stretched too thin and they are left out of the workplace (212) due to lack of skills.The Academy for Education Development looks to primary education programs such as those of SCHAP as promoting the learning of skills and the articulation of ideas that promote the acquisition of knowledge and the means for development, but also in the acquisition of the proces ses and habits of reasoning that promote lifelong learning and the development of the community as a result of learning. An important aspect of SCHAPs focus on education within the context of a community is that with local education there is also an instilling of cultural think of systems.These value systems are just as important as the knowledge of the world around the students, as an understanding of where they come from and what it means to belong to that community, regional and national culture promotes the continuation of those cultural traditions and values to future generations. This is an empowering facet of the nature of these communities, not only to preserve the culture, but to also serve as a sense of independence from nations and cultures that they previously relied so heavily upon. In this way, every member of the community can be a teacher, and there is much to be learnt from them by the children.SCHAP recognizes this and involves parents and other elder members of c ommunities within the educational programs to promote cultural learning. This is essential for not only the children, but also for the other members of the community to reward the cultural value and belief systems. The Academy for Education Development regards this activity as highly effective in doing so, recommending that for the success of such primary educational programs, parental involvement should be encouraged, not just as guests or family members but as contributing members of the community (23).Having parents and members of the community involved in primary school programs as SCHAP does promotes linkage between school and the community and home, where what is learned from each sphere can be transferred and shared between members. While the positive aspects of learning within a community are emphasized by SCHAP, so to are initiatives to overcome the aspects of the community that may impede learning. One such initiative is the creation of a micro library consisting of a col lection of approximately 1,000 books on a wide variety of topics, along with providing assistance for studying the materials (SCHAP 1).What SCHAP is trying to do with these libraries is not just to provide another centre for learning, but also to combat the closed system of information (1) that communities become. Making new knowledge, skills and resources available to the community promotes an increase in development (1) in the economic, social, cultural and political spheres of the local region. Education works in tandem with business development to create a foundation from which to rise above poverty, but another issue that must be addressed before work can be done or learning is to be made, and that is the health of those in the communities. . SCHAPs Focus on health Health is obviously an important issue in the lives of people in poor nations and foreign aids attempt at solving. Unfortunately a large amount of funds and manpower has been put into emergency situations regarding health, but very little has been done to address the roots of health issues that are simple and relatively cheap in comparison to wide-spread relief efforts of the past.A health focus that comes from SCHAPs knowledge of the fundamental roots of issues in these communities involves the access to clean water. The conditions of water in developing and under-developed nations is dangerously poor due to contamination from agricultural run-off, ineffective or non-existent waste management and illness-causing pathogens. By creating a clean water system in these communities, SCHAP is producing a permanent fix to the root health issue by providing a sustainable, maintainable, expandable and replicable (1) resource.One initiative to achieve this system is with the building and lay outation of a water filtration system that is simplistic and requires low maintenance, so that the members of the community can maintain existing systems and build and install more elsewhere. An IDRC study by Blan ca Jimenez et al. recommends such simple filtration systems for communities such as these, with filtration removing dangerous particulate reckon and illness-causing pathogens from the water (3).The IDRC also sees the benefit of access and propagation of these basic systems, as they are infinitely more cost effective than wider-spread regional programs that require significant funds and resources, such as the installation of water treatment plants (3). Another health focus of SCHAP that not only addresses a fundamental issue of poor health of the impoverished but also illuminates how health is linked with education and work in creating an escape from poverty is nutrition.The plan for improved nutrition involves the education of the community, particularly children, as to what is necessary in terms of food to keep them healthy, but also an education as to what agricultural output is most nutritional (SCHAP 1). While medications can be costly and difficult to obtain because of limited supply, addressing a health concern such as nutrition gets to the origins of issues before they can multiply or become fatal. Many people in poor nations die from illnesses that would be easily preventable with basic education and forethought into such things as nutrition.Engle et al. has examined the linkage between nutrition and child development, finding that illnesses that come from poor nutrition, such as anemia, impede such development (230). The prevention of childhood development that malnutrition causes is caused by a disruption of nervous circuitry that can lead to permanent difficulties with cognitive skills (230). Early intervention in the form of nutritional education and agricultural reform is shown to combat this development impediment.To use anemia as an example, it occurs because of an iron deficiency. SCHAP initiatives would include the promoting of the growth of iron rich plants, which the IDRC has found to have positive effects on the childhood development of m otor-skills, stirred maturity and language and other social skills (Jimenez 2). The initiatives of SCHAP in this context once again present a comprehensive approach to combating poverty, by promoting a healthy lifestyle and the means to achieve it, which can be passed down for generations to come. . Conclusion While only touching on a few of SCHAPs initiatives for communities in poor nations, what is made clear is that a reformed, comprehensive approach that focuses on sustainable long-term results has the great potential for creating an exit strategy from poverty for these nations and to untie these nations from the cumbersome umbilical cord of foreign aid. What SCHAP is doing by setting up programs and initiatives in these communities is not a hand out, but a helping hand.By giving the tools and the means to create their own resources to these communities, SCHAP is contributing to the fight against poverty in ways that are far-reaching and long lasting. The emphasis made by Cory Glazier on listening to the members of these communities shows a simplistic approach to revolutionary, life-changing ideas. It implies the communication with and involvement of the people of these communities who not only have a right to have put in foreign aid that is given to them, but who also have a responsibility to create the changes that will end poverty in their nations.While SCHAP has shown great potential and has made great improvements in villages such as Matoso, the reality is that there must be hundreds more organizations like SCHAP to join the battle. It is not a battle that these organizations, such as SCHAP or their supporting institutions such as the Grameen Bank, can win, but it is in arming the people of these poor nations that the battle can indeed be won.